ACT FOUR*n9337
Act Four is comprised of three scenes. The first sees Varillus trying to patch up his differences with Tersulus in an attempt to mimic the fraternal displays of affection demonstrated by their lords and parallels in the courtly love triangle. Tersulus remains unconvinced, but Varillus perseveres, and their combined affection baffles Doris, particularly when the men take it one step further and pretend to be their lords wooing Doris as the Princess. The scene isn’t simply a heavy-handed attempt by Brome to make obvious the parallels between Eudina and Doris’s situations, but also affords the men (including Geron) an opportunity to woo Doris in person, as well as providing comedy to punctuate the serious political scenes involving Philargus and Philocles.
Once Geron has exited, Varillus takes the opportunity to ask Doris what Garrula’s big secret with Thymele might be (and Brome is also reminding the audience that a juicy dénouement is inevitable), but Doris is ignorant of its meaning.
Scene Two contrasts with what has come before, featuring the meeting arranged by Matho’s false letters of Philargus and Philocles for their challenge. It is clear that one of them must die and the other marry Eudina, so the scene has the potential to be both heavy and decisive. But Brome undercuts the sombre mood by presenting characters that are irritatingly neo-platonic to the end: each brother enters, surveys the chosen ground and laments that it must receive his blood, for both have decided to allow the other brother to live by somehow impaling themselves on the other's point. The audience watch the beginning of the duel with this knowledge in mind, and there is potential for a very comic scene to unravel, particularly when the struggle on the ground involves two men trying to prevent each other from committing suicide, the total reversal of a usual duel sequence.
The tragic potential of the scene is again flirted with when Matho enters to finish them both off; however, they disarm and unbeard him, revealing Stratocles’ servant in his cowardice. Matho quickly (and without prior provocation) confesses knowledge of Stratocles’ plan to abduct Eudina while walking on Tempe plains. But at this point, the Rustics appear (in a manner akin to the Watch in Much Ado About Nothing) and demand an explanation of the circumstances which confront them. Like plain-speaking Doris, the Rustics are not fooled by physical disguise or impressive words: they recognise the twins as their potential future king, and note that although they have three swords, they have not killed Matho despite having the opportunity. It appears that the Rustics heard Matho’s plot and saw him remove his beard whilst they were discussing their country affairs. Their next success is in surprising Stratocles, who arrives in the same spot with Eudina in distress. Matho and Stratocles are secured before being taken to court for the King’s judgement, thus demonstrating the Rustics' faith in the natural order of status (set in contrast with Stratocles' aspirations).
Scene Three sees the King in despair at the disappearance of his daughter and her suspected abduction by Stratocles. The rumours (prevalent in Act One) are circulating that Philargus and Philocles have gone to fight, and this is the lowest point for the King: on the brink of losing both his daughter and her two prospective husbands (and inheritors of his crown). Again the rumours relay the twins’ death, and are said to originate with Stratocles.
Into the middle of this comes Garrula, unaware of the mood of her fellows, weeping for her dying son. Of course, Geron isn’t really dying, but suffering from lovesickness, and as soon as she learns that the twins might be dead, thus putting Varillus and Tersulus out of the running with Doris, Garrula is delighted that her son is now in with a chance. The scene ends with word from Eupathus that both the men and Eudina are returning home with Stratocles in custody.
4.1
[Enter] VARILLUS [and] TERSULUS.
439VarillusWe should love one another, brother Tersulus,
More
inwardly†gg3366
intimately, deeply, spiritually, not solely superficially
, and be in friendship true
As our lords are.
Prithee†gg262
(I) pray thee: (I) ask you; please
, let their example
Piece up†gg2820
(v) reconcile
all difference betwixt†gg3294
between
us.
I know your meaning and your
jeer†gs1648
taunt, gibe, derisive comment
, Varillus,
In your ‘piece up’.
441VarillusFie†gg63
exclamation of disgust or reproach
on thy jealousy. ’Cause thou art a tailor,
How e’er a gentleman by
place†gg571
rank, position, office
, thou think’st
I jeer†gg3211
(v) to treat with scorn (OED 2)
thy quality†gs1649
rank, status; professional ability
.
Look back unto the world’s beginning:*n7241
Tersulus refers Varillus to the book of Genesis, in which Adam and Eve discover their nakedness after eating the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge, and sew fig leaves into aprons to cover themselves (Genesis 3:7).
there
You’ll find a tailor was before a barber.
443VarillusNay, if you go to
rip up†gg5935
bring up (in conversation); examine (OED v2. 4a)
old
antiquity†gg5936
ancient times, precedents; writers of ancient times
–
444Tersulus [Aside to audience] Rip! There he is again.
Collect†gg3760
recollect, remember
that the
first man*n7242
i.e. Adam
(who you suggest
Was his own tailor) was his own barber first.
In
casting†gs1099
devising, contriving (OED cast, 43b)
how to
fashion†gs1100
mould, design, create
out his breeches?
And that’s in part, you know, the barber’s
office†gg352
service, duty, employment, responsibility
.
In use ’mongst tailors on themselves. But note
The foul corruptions brought in by time;
Of old they did but
rub invention up†gg4852
revive, call to mind (OED, rub, v1. 13a)
,
How to contrive their work. But now their heads,
Wrists, fingers, all have got an itch by’t, which
Nothing but stealing can
allay†gs997
calm, repress, quell
; though that
Can never cure it.
Of old together: now they are shared it seems
Between the barber and the tailor.
451VarillusSharp*n7262
Varillus puns on the keen-edged tools of the tailor and barber's trades as well as complimenting Tersulus on his witty intelligent comment (OED a. and n1. 1 and 3).
.
452TersulusYour instruments are sharp as mine, sir barber,
And you can pick more out of your lord’s ears
Than I take from his garments with my shears.
453VarillusAgree, good brother, or
would†gs1102
I wish that
we had Doris
To stickle†gg4853
act as mediator or umpire; intervene
’twixt us.
455VarillusBut come, lords’ followers are their
apes†gg2231
imitators, mimics
in most things;
Why should not we be as friendly rivals now
In Doris’ love, as are our lords in the
Princess Eudina’s. We will
take up a fashion*n7263
i.e. copy a trend
.
Enter DORIS.
460DorisYou echo one another.
You’re*n4961
] Y'are
commanded
Both by the princess and the governess
To seek ’em out.
461BothYour love commands our stay.
462DorisCoupled together? Go yet, one of you.
[Pointing to TERSULUS] You I can spare best.
466DorisDo you conspire? I will
return your care*n7264
i.e. return to the Princess to report their lack of concern or assistance.
.
[Making as if to leave.]
To seek our lords. They are both
rode*n4974
] rod
singly forth
To take the air. Mine an hour since.
My brother Tersulus.
470TersulusAs deeply vowed in friendship as our lords are.
Are brothers, friends; yet rivals in your love.
Can you now, as the princess is to them,
Be equally
affected†gs1103
full of affection
to us both?
472DorisDo you stay†gs1104
delay
me to abuse me?
We love our lords! And as you love the princess
Who loves them, love you us. You are Eudina,
I, Philocles, and he Philargus is.*n7265
What follows is a bizarrely self-conscious role-playing exercise, in which Varillus and Tersulus willingly play the parts of their superiors and expect Doris to join in.
476VarillusThe King commands you to make
present†gg884
urgent, pressing, immediate
choice
Of one of us, or else ambitious Stratocles
(That’s Geron) must
enjoy†gg4854
possess, use with delight (OED v. 3a, 4a); have one's will of a woman (OED v. 4b) (with implications of sexual activity)
you. Now sweet princess,
Be speedy in your choice. The kingdom’s good
Depends upon it. And in your election,
Oh make Philargus blessed: he best deserves you.
Your courtesy o’ercomes me: I must sue,
Though my heart aches the while as much for you.
478DorisThis is
fine†gs1105
clever, cunning
fooling –
Good barber Philocles, and tailor Philargus,
You shall not need to
trim†gs1106
make firm, strengthen (with pun on 'cut')
up his affection,
Nor you to stitch up his with your forced courtesies.
I know, in this, each woos but for himself,
And my affection runs as even betwixt you,
As nothing but your scissors, or your shears,
Had parted.
Enter GERON.*n4975
Moved from its marginal place alongside Varsillus' line.
480GeronSo
whilom†gg3861
in times past
did contend two warlike princes
For a fair island, till a powerful king
Subdued them both and it. Doris, take heed,
Be wary in your conversation
(As whilom
Tully*n8002
A common abbreviation for Marcus Tullius Cicero (MacLeod). The text referred to is Cicero's De Officiis, an essay written in the form of a letter to Cicero's son and containing advice on good conduct.
warned his tender son)
With such plebeians, least their vulgar breeding
Corrupt your education.
Your pupil, learnèd Geron.
Her only
study†gs1107
subject, interest
, such as whilom was
Ulysses to Penelope*n7897
Ulysses' faithful wife.
.
How you become his wife: for he will love you
So
by the book*n7268
according to the rules (OED, book, n. 15)
, as he will never
lie†gs152
sleep with, have sex with
with you
Without an author for’t.
More precious to me than Homer’s Iliads,
Whilom to Alexander, which he made
His mighty bedfellow. But why stand I
To render this account? The princess sent you,
Doris, to call their lords to walk with her,
And take the air of Tempe.
Antiquity*n9241
Primarily this refers to Geron's classical learning: the OED defines it as 'The people (or writers, etc.) of ancient times collectively; "the Ancients" ' (OED 5). It might additionally refer to Geron's advancing age, which, although not stated explicitly, is implied by Doris's reference to him as 'December' later in the scene [LS 4.1.speech508]. See also [NOTE n7299].
? I have heard you all this while,
And though you boast you have an interest in me,
We are not yet one volume, both bound up
And clasped together.
488VarillusShe speaks in his element†gg4863
ordinary range of activity, speech
.
489DorisNo,
I am yet loose paper*n7276
Doris's point plays on an alternative meaning of element: 'one of the "four elements" which is the natural abode of any particular class of living beings; said chiefly of air and water' (OED, element, n. 12).
, and ’twere good
To keep me so, for when I’m bound I must
Obey, be
searched†gs583
investigate, examine (OED v. 5a)
, examined and corrected.
Yet this I’ll do, and now be serious,
If you will all obey my rule, and
try†gg1932
test
Your fortunes who shall have me.
491GeronTheir merits bear no
equability†gg4864
comparison on equal terms
With mine.
492VarillusA very†gs1651
true (truly entitled to the name or designation)
Stratocles.
493DorisYou boast your worth, and stand on confidence
In powerful
advocates†gg5937
pleaders, defenders
. But what are all
Unto my love, and (which is more) my will?
If you will hear my proposition, hear it.
The gods, in love, whilom have stooped with men.*n7280
Perhaps an allusion to Zeus, who, on numerous occasions, had sex with humans, often whilst in another form himself, for example as a swan when with Leda, as a shower of gold with Danae, and in the form of a white bull when seducing Europa.
496DorisThat you all love me, I believe; and am
Content that every one of you do think
Himself prime man in my affection:
And one of you I’ll take. But yet my choice
Must
wait upon†gg318
await
Eudina’s. Therefore
mark†gg2220
(v) pay attention to, observe
:
If your lord wins the princess, and becomes
The King’s immediate heir, I will be yours;
If your lord, yours.
For they are both my lords.
498DorisThen if both have her, I’ll be yours: not else.
499GeronAs whilom said, ‘None of the wisest clerks,
When the sky falls we shall have store’ —*n8004
MacLeod notes a similar saying in Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable: 'If the sky falls we shall catch larks', which he suggests is 'bantering reply to those who suggest some very improbable or wild scheme'.
502GeronYour mistress, lady, princess, and my mother
Shall know your–
Go tell it mother, do.*n7287
Similar childish language is also used by Constance when mimicking Elinor's appeals to her grandson, Arthur, in Shakespeare's King John: 'Give grandam kingdom, and it grandam will/ Give it a plum, a cherry, and a fig' (2.1.161-2, Oxford). Compare with Wat's scornful response to Phoebe's pregnancy: 'Cudsho, did it tell it kinsman that it is got with champkin' [MC 1.1.speech130].
If you had spent in the philosophers’ school
Your time no better than in Cupid’s lectures,
What a strange dunce you had been. Tell her, love shows
In you, as whilom – she knows what she knows.
507GeronYour love I will forget; your scorn remember
In black revenge, and so –
508DorisFarewell, December*n7299
In Chaucer's 'The Merchant's Tale', the young wife is named May, whilst her old husband is January. Doris similarly likens Geron to a cold, fruitless month by naming him 'December' (which also suggests that he is not quite so advanced in age as January but is nevertheless elderly).
.[Exit GERON].
509VarillusHe’ll to his mother now. But tell me, Doris,
What means that
beldam†gg4286
aged woman, hag
in ‘she knows, she knows’:
She’s often up with’t to the governess.
Betwixt them in my lady’s youth, I guess.
511Doris*n7300
] Var. This edition follows MacLeod in reassigning the speech to Doris, as clearly 'Gentlemen' must refer to both Varillus and Tersulus. An alternative presentation of the text at this point would allocate only 'But Gentleman...' onwards to Doris, retaining the first part of the line for Varillus.
’Tis some
smock-secret*n7898
A smock is a woman’s undergarment, implying that this is a secret shared by Thymele and Garrula, perhaps held close to their chests (a well-guarded secret) or with reference to their long-standing acquaintance, so perhaps something divulged whilst bedfellows.
, I believe. But gentlemen,
You know how I have
laid myself out†gg5938
exposed; schemed, planned to effect some purpose (OED, lay, v1. 56a and f)
to you.
On either’s lord, you will embrace his man.
515DorisYes, this for a creed†gg2538
set of articles of belief (compare to OED n. 1: ‘A form of words setting forth authoritatively and concisely the general belief of the Christian Church, or those articles of belief which are regarded as essential’)
:
That heaven must make its choice and hold you
Of one of them, before she takes the other.
You understand me, and now cease your strife.
When th’one’s lord’s dead, I’ll be the other’s wife.
So farewell, gentlemen. I have stayed too long.[Begins to exit]
516VarillusShe has given us both a hint now, would we take it.
[Returning to them]
517DorisYou did not hear me say, ‘Kill you his lord’,
Nor you kill his.[She] exit[s].
To end a strife, that I should ne’er ha’ found.
And we be
shent†gg4868
disgraced
for loitering.
4.2
[Enter] MATHO in his disguise.*n7489
The disguise is comprised of a beard, which Philocles removes at [LS 4.2.speech549].
521MathoNow for my combatants. Th’appointed ground
Is here, the time draws on, and the event
Foreseen in my imaginary light
Of every
pass†gg3128
in fencing, a lunge or thrust made with a sword or rapier (OED n4. 10a)
projected in their sight.
In the first
passage†gs1109
exchange of blows between two combatants (OED n. 15)
, each shall wound the other;
Then shall they give, lend, pay, change wound for wound,
Till both of them lie fainting on the ground,
Holding between their teeth their doubtful lives:
When I, to end the question, friendly come in,
And with an equal hand
dispatch*n7490
] dispatcht
’em both.
And so into my ambush†gg5939
hiding place (usually in preparation for a military manoeuvre where the enemy is surprised)
.
Enter PHILARGUS.
One approaches.[MATHO] exit[s].
So promptly to deed, which being acted,
Will be th’astonishment of heaven and earth?
Applauded nowhere but in hell. Fair Tempe,
Let it not be derived to after ages,
By any uncouth mark upon thy face,
Let not thy grassy locks, that shall receive
The drops of blood, wither and die, condemning
The place that bore them to continual baldness;
Let not the
impress†gg5940
mark, stamp, impression
of our
labouring†gg4947
struggling (fighting)
feet
Hold its
proportion†gs1652
form, shape, configuration (OED n. 5)
; nor that part of earth,
Whereon the slain shall
measure out his length*n7491
i.e. by lying down dead on the ground
,
Reserve the stamp, and make it monumental,
By a perpetual spring of more
procere†gg4948
tall, long (OED cites The Love-Sick Court, 4.2)
And bigger-bladed grass. And, when my soul
Hath found an exit (which my purpose is
My brother’s sword shall open), let the valley
(When he’s departed) sink and undermine
The bordering hills that they may cover me.
Enter PHILOCLES.
I shall prevent his happily expected
Labour and toil, who for no other end
Am here arrived but to be sacrificed
For
expiation†gg4949
making atonement (for)
of his discontent.
524Philargus [Aside] Let all the eyes of heaven be hooded†gg4950
covered, concealed
,*n9344
A possible reference to God's omniscience in Genesis at the point when Cain has killed Abel, but claims he doesn't know the whereabouts of his brother (Genesis 4:8-9). God says he can hear Abel's blood calling to him from the ground where he was slain (Genesis 4:10). Matho is therefore referencing another pair of brothers engaged in bloodshed.
only
One star to guide his point unto my heart,
Which instantly shall fall, and be extinct
In my
distillèd†gg4951
trickling, falling in drops
blood; that so the gods
May not behold him. May some magic spell
Instruct his arm and weapon how to slay
My name and memory, that of me, there be not
Any desire, on him no
imputation†gg4952
accusation, charge (of a crime)
.
525Philocles [Aside] My cure is only how my breast may swallow
His point, without revealing mine intent.
526Philargus [Aside] Aye, so’t shall be: a violent
assay†gg4804
an attack, an assault, trial of strength
For provocation, and then
spit†gs1110
pierce with a sharp weapon
myself
Upon his steel.
They espy one another, draw, and pass at each other, instantly both spread their arms to receive the wound.
530PhilargusAre you so changeable?*n7492
i.e. because Philargus believes that he was called to fight by Philocles, and now finds his 'opponent' unwilling.
The reputation raised of your high valour.
But what consists in suff’ring.
If you deny me that last friendly office.
536PhilargusBrother, you
dally†gg120
to play with someone mockingly
with me. Therefore I conjure you
By fair Eudina, let your anger loose;
Break up this
cask of blood*n7493
i.e. body, flesh
, and give the earth
A draught†gs1111
drink, draught of liquid
unto her health.
(Then which no greater subject of an oath)
I swear to be your nuptials’ sacrifice,
Be you the priest. I’ll suffer without noise:
In my
displayed bowels*n7498
Augury was the classical practice of divination, for example by watching the flight of birds, or (as in this instance) examination of the bowels of an animal or human sacrifice.
you shall read
An
augury†gg4539
omen, prophecy
of bliss upon you both.
Ere you destroy.
He offers to kill himself; PHILARGUS
closes†gs1112
comes into close contact for the purpose of hand-to-hand fighting
with him. They struggle, and both fall down,
still striving to hold each other’s sword etc.*n7499
The 'etc.' suggests that the actors playing Philargus and Philocles must improvise their fight for as long as is deemed necessary.
540PhilargusHold, hold, and be not
prodigal†gg3002
extravagant, recklessly wasteful
of that blood
More precious than
Pactolus’ golden streams*n7899
According to Sugden, the Pactolus is a river in Lydia, now the Sarabat. It reportedly contained gold-dust in its mud (though does so no more), and is linked to the Midas legend: when Midas wanted to be rid of his power of turning all that he touched to gold, the Oracle ordered him to bathe in the Pactolus' waters.
.
541PhiloclesWas then your challenge but to
try†gg1932
test
me only?
Enter MATHO.
544Matho [Aside] This I foresaw ’twould come to.
[Aloud] ’Save ye lordings.
And whither
travel*n4979
] travail
ye? Do you not want a guide
To help ye on your way?
MATHO draws, they start up and disarm him.
That summoned me.
547Matho [Aside] Unhappily guessed.
[Aloud] I pray enquire no further.
549PhiloclesUnworthy on thy face to bear
man’s ensign*n7501
i.e. the face or mark of a man (rather than a devil)
.
Who has suborned†gg152
bribed
thee?
He unbeards him.*n7502
Philocles removes the beard which Matho uses as a disguise; this might be attached with strings, allowing Matho to lower the beard when revealing his identity to the audience earlier in the scene. It seems that black beards are particularly associated with villainy, such as Lieutenant Beard in Lording Barry's Ram Alley, so perhaps Matho's beard is also black.
See, ’tis Stratocles’ man.
550PhilargusDie, villain, die.*n7503
Perhaps Philargus picks up his sword and threatens Matho with it on these lines.
And were thy master in thee,
The thirst of whose ambition sought our bloods,
His flesh with thine should here become a prey
Unto the ravens.*n7504
i.e. that Matho will be killed and become carrion, dead meat for ravens to feast on.
And spare my life, my lords, and I’ll reveal
Matters of weight and wonder; which, concealed,
Will yet cost both your lives, and make the princess,
If she not answer my lord’s fierce desires,
Subject to rape and murder.
So fall into his power?
The trust the gods have put into our hands
If we neglect to execute justice on thee.
554MathoLet me but warn ye of Eudina’s danger,
Whereby her virgin innocence may not suffer,
And then inflict your furies on me.
555PhiloclesThat
charms*n7505
i.e. news of Eudina prevents them from killing Matho.
our ready hands and
steel†gs1113
swords
. Speak quickly.
556MathoThis very hour she’s to be
surprised†gg4958
attacked, seized
By my Lord Stratocles, here, on Tempe plains,
Where she is come to walk,
slenderly†gg4959
meagrely, slightly, poorly
guarded,
To take the air. He, with a strength, will seize her
And hurry her
hence†gg2500
away from here
unto his
mansion house†gs1114
a large house whose impressive appearance implies that the owner is wealthy or of high social standing (OED 3)
,
To yield to his desire, or death, if suddenly
Prevention be not made.
558MathoPreserve me from his vengeance, and I’ll bring you
Unto his enterprise.
He may have laid an
ambuscado†gg3155
an ambush or a force waiting to ambush (OED's etymology: an affected refashioning of 'ambuscade' after the Spanish)
for us.
Enter six RUSTICS with weapons.
561MathoHelp, help, aid me good people, help!
565MathoI am a servant to Lord Stratocles,
Who has preserved your country and your lives.
5672. Rustic’Twas more his gentleness than our deserving; on.*n7521
Both of these become catchphrases which are repeated in response to various revelations throughout the rest of this scene.
568MathoThese two are his malignant enemies,
And finding that my lord is in these parts
Together with the princess, fair Eudina
(Who has made him her choice), they lie in wait
To murder him, as they had me, had not
The gods sent you to rescue me.
5691. Rustic’Twas more their gentleness, than your deserving; on.
570MathoI have no more to say, but that you take ’em
On your allegiance to safe custody,
And let me pass.
5711. RusticUn’ch†gg4961
some kind of phonetic utterance; MacLeod glosses as 'a very little bit' but I cannot find any support for this definition
, that would be more
Our gentleness than your deserving too; on, on.
[To MATHO] On you, sir, ere you go; and come not back
For anything unspoke you left behind.*n7506
i.e. tell the whole story now and don't leave anything out (a form of the caution modern policemen give suspects they are arresting).
574MathoI thank you, sir. I had like to ha’ left my sword
Behind, which they disarmed me of.
5751. RusticThat was their gentleness more than your deserving
(They having three swords, and you none to guard you).
They killed you not, indeed; yet on again.
What further do you charge ’em with?
576MathoNo more, nor you, less you detain me longer.
5782. RusticNow
you’re*n4966
] y'are
a knave, a villain and a traitor.
Left you no more behind you but a sword?
I saw a
scabbard†gs1116
covering (for the face), with pun on 'beard' and also possibly 'scab'
on your face of late,
A false one. Seek it out.
Resist and we will hang thee. Now, my lords,
My princes, I may say. For one of you
Must be our king. We know you though you know
Not us; you may perhaps hereafter know us
More by your gentleness than our deserving.
5821. RusticWe are the
heads†gs1117
representatives, leaders
of Tempe, and the chief
Swain heads†gg4965
rustic representatives
of
Thessaly*n7887
A district in Ancient Greece, famed for its natural abundance and fertility. Sugden notes that 'poets treated it as the home of rural simplicity and pastoral beauty'; however, it also had a reputation (particularly referenced in Early Modern drama) for its poisonous herbs and witchcraft. For example, in Webster's The White Devil, Cornelia says 'O that this fair garden/ Had with all poison'd herbs of Thessaly,/ At first been planted, made a nursery/ For witchcraft' (1.2.263-266). Varillus' use of poison in his attempted murder of Philargus thus fits stereotypical knowledge of Thessaly. In addition to this, Lempriere claims that 'The inhabitants of the country passed for a treacherous nation, so that false money was called Thessalian coin, and a perfidious action, Thessalian deceit', so that Matho, Varillus and Stratocles are also conforming to a classical stereotype of deceit and treachery.
(the King has known us)
And here we came to
lay†gs1118
put
our heads together
For good of commonwealth. Here at the
verge*n7509
A clever unification of the Rustics' positions as representatives of the rural people of Tempe's valley, both in the verdant margin indicated and as a formal limit of jurisdiction (OED n1. 12c) which also applies, for example, to royalty.
Of this adjoining thicket is our
bower†gg4966
place enclosed by trees and plants, and therefore private
Of consultation; and from
thence†gg401
from there
(regardful
Ever with eye and ear for common good)
We saw a beard pulled off; and heard that mouth,
(Which now is dumb) open a plot, unlike
The pitiful complaint he made to us.
583PhilargusBut saw you not some
passages*n7510
Philargus may refer in general to the preceding incidents, or more specifically to the 'passages' or struggles between him and Philocles.
before?
Of his attempt upon our lives?
To hang the man, and turn his lord out of
Our
country favour*n7511
preference of certain rustics for Stratocles
. If we find he has
That plot upon the body of the princess
Of rape and
murder, he*n7512
] Murder. He
can be no king
For us; for, sirrah, we have wives and daughters.
Enter STRATOCLES, EUDINA [and] SOLDIERS.
5861. RusticStand close.*n7513
stand back (hidden from Stratocles' view)
See who comes here.
[STRATOCLES] gives a purse [to the SOLDIERS].
Exit SOLDIERS.
589StratoclesLady, your tears are bootless†gg4968
useless, unprofitable
.
591StratoclesYour cries as
unavailable†gg4969
ineffectual, unavailing
. The gods
(To whom your friendly foolish lovers
Have sacrificed each other) have given you up
To me, the only worthy of you.
592EudinaNo, they are both
sublimed†gg556
translated to heaven (that is, deceased)
into one star,
Yet of a double influence, that shall
Strike death into thy purposes, and give
Me light by which t’ascend with them to live
After my present death.
She
offers†gg4972
attempts (to do harm or injury)
to kill herself with a knife; he
holds†gg4973
prevents, stops
her.
593StratoclesYour haste to death shall not prevent my lust.*n7516
Stratocles will prevent Eudina from killing herself before he can have sex with her; an alternative, darker reading of this line suggests that Stratocles would readily contemplate necrophilia.
594PhiloclesShe must outlive thy lust and the false traitor.
597StratoclesYou have odds o’ me.*n7518
Stratocles realises he is outnumbered and the odds of him fighting them off are against him.
Outshining theirs.
For heavenly minds to reach unto the gods!
6021. RusticNo, not betrayed.
You’re*n4961
] Y'are
but well met, my lord,
But that’s our gentleness more than your deserving.
Overmuch†gg4974
excessive, immoderate
policy and
want†gg1238
(n) need, poverty
of beasts
To
carry it to market*n7524
i.e. see (the policy) through to delivery
. We ne’er lay
More burden on an ass than he can bear,
Here in the country: what is done at court
We know not. Here perhaps is one can tell;
Know you this bearded satyr*n7526
In classical mythology, satyrs are thought to be part-human, part-animal creatures of the woods, either gods or demons. In this instance, Matho's villainous attributes are being referenced.
? [He] pull[s] off MATHO’S beard.
Thy faintness†gg4975
feebleness, lack of support
hath betrayed me.
Such as men meet that fight against the gods.
6071. Rustic [Aside to RUSTICS] The fellow has some grace; he weeps. But come
Princess and princes, what is now your pleasure
We do unto these men?
By mine own sufferings in my afflictions
To be compassionate. I wish their pardon.
Than all my lost designs, and their derision
Have done with indignation.
Those wounds that pierce the heart with true
contrition†gg4976
penitence, sorrow for fault
Do bring the precious balm in ’em that cures it.
May guard you innocent of future blame.
Brethren of Tempe, that since these delinquents
Are fallen into our hands, that we discharge
Our country loyalty with discretion,
And not release him from our power, but by
The power above
us*n7530
] us.
(that’s the King’s), we’ll
wait†gg1348
to attend as a servant (but also perhaps with overtones of the older sense of the word as meaning to 'watch over carefully', though OED lists this usage as obsolete after c.1500)
On you to court.
On you,*n7532
The first 'you' seems to be directed to Philocles and Philargus, while the second is to Eudina.
for your new loves,
And you for old acquaintance.
616EudinaI’ll acquaint my father with your care.
He shall be witness of our bringing in
The ambitious
politic†gg4977
politician; crafty scheming person
trapped in his own
gin†gs1124
trap (OED n1. 4); cunning (OED n1. 1); device, trick (OED n1. 2)
.
[They all
exit.]
4.3
[Enter] KING, DISANIUS [and] JUSTINIUS.
617KingBereft of all my joys and hopes at once!
Is there no comfort nor no counsel left me?
Why stand you gazing thus with sealèd lips?
Where is your counsel now, which you are
wont†gg4980
accustomed
In trifling matters to pour out in plenty?
Now, in the peril of my life and state
I cannot get a word. Give me my daughter,
Or take my kingdom too. Where is she? Tell me.
Out of her
private walks*n7540
These might be private and therefore normally secure garden areas in which Eudina can walk without interruption or danger.
by violent hands,
Only we guess the master of the plot
Was Stratocles, who now is missing in the court.
619KingHe asked my leave to leave the court, and had it.
620Disanius’Twas a fit
gloss†gs1126
plausible pretext, deceptive appearance (OED n2. 1b)
for his foul treachery.
621KingBut what ha’ you said for her recovery?
622JustiniusWe have dispatched a hundred several
posts†gg4981
messengers (on horseback)
To every coast and angle of your kingdom:
No way of finding her is left unsought.
623DisaniusCould*n7541
if we could
we find Stratocles, she might be found.
624KingStill upon him? Where’s Philocles? Where’s Philargus?
They are missing too.
That can detract†gg5941
take away (reputation)
their honours.
Is spread about the court, they are gone to fight.
Have fought, and both are slain.
Believe the Arctic and Antarctic poles
Can meet
in*n4976
] it
opposition amidst
The
firmament†gg979
the heavens or sky
, and jointly in a fall
Extinguish both their lights in
Neptune’s bosom*n7543
i.e. the sea. In Roman mythology, Neptune was the god of the sea and can also be referenced (as in this example) as a personification of the sea.
.
631DisaniusStratocles is the head,*n7544
Disanius puns on the King's use of 'spring' to describe Stratocles as the source of the rumour (just as a spring is the source of water), which is disseminated by his men (as the pipes, which, if united would form a fountain).
We may be confident; and his men the pipes
That have dispersed it.
What purpose can he have in’t?
Enter THYMELE.
Has heard the news too.
[THYMELE] weeps.
Weep not, tender sister,
Your sons are safe.
635KingAnd, had they ta’en Eudina with them too,
My doubts and fears were over, well as yours.
Enter GARRULA weeping.
And would weep too,
had she but moisture in her.*n7546
Disanius refers to Garrula's age and the old, wrinkled appearance of her skin.
How now!
Whose mare’s dead*n7900
The equivalent of 'what's the fuss?'; proverbial (Tilley, M657).
, Garrula? Take thy bottle
And turn that into tears. Or dost thou wring
Thy face because that’s dry? Gi’ me’t, I’ll fill it.
637GarrulaMy son, oh, oh, my son is at death’s door.
Against him? Out upon him, churl†gs1127
used as a term of disparagement, e.g. villain, base fellow
.
And madam – it shall out – you might have saved
My son’s life in your servant’s love, whose scorn
Will be his death, except the King divert it,
And I shall tell him what you know I know –
Unto his majesty –
642KingYet forbear†gs711
spare; leave (me) alone
me now.
643GarrulaDo you
slight†gg1900
(v) disregard, treat with disrespect
me in the care of my son’s life?
Do you scorn my secret too, that may be worth
More than your kingdom to you?
The King would thank thee, in offering at some mirth
To cool his grief, but that it is too hot
Yet to be touched.
To
move†gs1128
petition
the King, or to perplex the lady
Now in their sorrows’ fullness.
To mine? My son’s a-dying.
And the King’s daughter lost.
Is my lord Philocles and Philargus dead?
653DisaniusAnd so wilt thou while thou canst lift thy bottle
To that old mazer*n4977
There are two possible interpretations of Disanius' speech: either he uses 'mazer' to refer to Garrula's head (this example is cited in the OED, 4a); or, with the addition of a comma after 'that', 'old mazer' becomes a term of address, referencing an alternative meaning as a drinking cup, referring to Garrula's constant drinking. In performance, an actor might choose to emphasise one or other of the meanings, or somehow combine the two.
.
654GarrulaHem! Ahem! A ha!*n7548
Garrula's response appears to be a mixture of coughing and laughing.
655DisaniusDo you rejoice, and show the rotten half-tooth
You have left, that they are dead.
That the advancement that the
giglet†gs1654
lewd, wanton (laughing) woman, i.e. Doris
gaped for
In one of their fine followers is lost,
In hope of which she scorned my son. But now
He shall scorn her and live.
Enter EUPATHUS.
Here comes one merry, look.
661DisaniusWell said, speak up and
home†gg3814
effectively, to the heart of the matter (OED adv. 5a)
, good Eupathus.
662EupathusYour daughter’s safe returned, so is your son, madam,
For which you are to thank the gods.
He gives the KING a paper. He reads to THYMELE aside.
This is
Their true relation.
For his election.
668EupathusThey all turn head†gg4987
turn to confront the enemy (opposite of turn tail)
upon him now.
Observe my judgement now, my King. Those heads
I will so
souse†gg4988
(v) immerse (in alcohol); intoxicate
in our best Greekish wines,
That they shall be such heads! O heads, heads, heads!
670KingI do approve your judgement, good Disanius,
But wish you not insult o’er man’s dejection.
We find that Stratocles is much penitent
And troubled at his trespass.
For an ambitious hypocritical traitor.
672KingThe time for my Eudina’s
match†gs617
marriage
draws near,
And I no longer will
attend†gs996
wait
on fortune.
I have decreed it past recall, regardless
Whether against the oracle, or with it.
673Thymele [Aside] Yet am I confident in your assertion,
You priests of Delphos.
On Stratocles, if she stand longer doubtful
In a fair choice.
Your country heads will clear. He has lost them
Forever.
Their ears with jewels of praises*n7555
Disanius' description encompasses several meaningful definitions of 'ring', so that the Rustics' ears will be encircled or surrounded with loud praise, ringing and lingering in their ears, coupled with the image of this praise decorating or adorning their ears.
and preferment
That they shall
glare like direful comets*n7556
Because the Rustics' heads will be encircled with Disanius' praise, metaphorically making them appear like dreadful (awe-inspiring) comets, celestial bodies with a 'tail' of light.
at him.
677KingOne she shall choose of them. If not, I’ll put
A third upon her.
Why are you (for I find it is so) stronger
For Philocles?
And yet I find an inclination in me
That pleads for him. I can perceive you too
Are partial towards Philargus. Can you yield
A reason for’t?
681KingAlas,
but not*n7557
not by more than
an hour. Well, I’ll
remit†gs1129
resign, surrender
My power of
propounding†gg4990
suggestion, putting forward a proposal
, and accept
Her choice of either, made within the time.
682ThymeleAye*n4978
] I
, there my hopes do anchor; else they were
Certain of shipwreck. Yet the perilous waves
My vessel rides on seems
so many graves*n7558
Thymele's comment seems to hark back to the past (and the deaths of Adrastus and the Queen) as well as forward to the potentially complicated resolution of the question of Eudina's marriage, given the intense emotions experienced by all involved and the threat of incest which hangs over her.
.
[They all exit.]
Edited by Eleanor Lowe