View words begining with: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Glossary (words starting with S)

S'lid mild oath: by God's eyelid

sa, sa a hunting cry

sack white wine from Spain: sack is derived from 'sec', and usually meant a dry white wine; hence Falstaff's enjoyment of 'sack and sugar'

sacrilege a crime against God

sadly firmly; seriously

safe trustworthy (OED a. 11.a)

safety protection, safeguard (OED 3)

sages wise men

sail one of the arms of a windmill

saint to call (a person) a saint; give the name of ‘saint’ to; to reckon among the saints (OED v. 2a)

sainted holy, blessed

salary monetary reward

salary reward or remuneration for services rendered; fee (OED n. 2)

sale-ware literally means inferior quality goods (ready-made rather than home-made; OED sale n2. 4a), but it is used in early modern texts to refer to women with low moral standards or prostitutes; compare the name of Alicia Saleware in Brome’s A Mad Couple Well Matched, and the statement of Grimundo in James Shirley’s The Grateful Servant (Queen Henrietta Maria’s Men, 1629; published London,1630), who disdains ‘sale-ware, mercenary stuff that ye may have i’th’ suburbs, and now maintenance traffic with ambassadors’ servants’ (sig. G4r)

sale-ware inferior quality goods that are ready-made rather than home-made (OED sale n2. 4a)

sale-work work that is made to be sold or that can be purchased; can also imply work of inferior quality (OED sale n2, 4); the possible bawdy pun is used by Brome elsewhere, in the name of the promiscuous Alicia Saleware in A Mad Couple Well Matched

salted experienced

salute greet, hail, pay one's respects, honour (often with elaborate compliment, gesture or bow). The following dialogue suggests that Oliver greets Frances by kissing her: this may be on the mouth or on the hand. See [NOTE n94] on The Queen and Concubine’s stage directions for detailed discussion of the signification of such gestures, and A Mad Couple Well Matched [MC 4.1.speech730] for a similar example of saluting (see [NOTE n2104] and [NOTE n2105] for commentary and video clips). Brome also uses ‘Salute’ to indicate a kiss in The New Academy: see [NOTE n5147]. In this extract [VIDEO DM_5_24] from the workshop on this scene, Oliver kisses Frances on the hand

salute greet; honour (this statement may be accompanied by a bow or another physical gesture, possibly an embrace, if Dryground’s line [DM 5.1.speech1051] is direct response to Bumpsey’s: see this extract from the workshop on this scene [VIDEO DM_5_31])

salute greet, hail, pay one's respects, honour (often with elaborate compliment, gesture or bow)

salutes greets

salved explained away, cleared up (OED v2. 2)

salves figuratively and as a verb, to heal

salves healing ointments for wounds or sores; remedies

sampler a small piece of fabric embroidered with different stitches and patterns, which could be used for practice or reference

sampler girl's specimen of embroidery (OED n1. 3b)

sanctifiedly patiently, like saints

sanctimonious sacred, holy, consecrated (OED 1)

sanctity holiness, saintliness

sanctum sanctorum (the) holy of holies

sanguine in humours physiology the state of being 'sanguine' indicated a predominance of the blood over the other three humours, and resulted in a ruddy countenance and a courageous, hopeful, and amorous disposition (OED 3a)

sarcenet a fine, soft silky material

satisfaction sex? Williams?

satisfaction fulfillment of desire; removal of doubt

satisfaction gratification, contentment (OED 5a. 5b)

satisfaction fulfilment of desire; compensation (OED 5a. 1b)

satisfaction penance, compensation, atonement

satisfy fulfill desire, compensate

satisfy discharge a debt

saucy appetising, attractive (MCWM: this usage continues Wat's eating imagery while also expressing Phoebe's dislike of him)

saucy insolent, cheeky; wanton, lascivious (OED, a1, 2a and 2b)

saultable assaultable, capable of being attacked (OED saultable a, 1)

save recover or retrieve (but also take care of, guard)

savourly with keen enjoyment; with relish

sawing competing against each other

saws sayings, maxims

sawyer workman who saws timber

Sbobs 'an unmeaning oath' (OED); but it probably begins with a variant of 'God's', so perhaps 'God's bobs'

scabbard covering (for the face), with pun on 'beard' and also possibly 'scab'

scabbard sheath or covering for a sword

scabs slang term of abuse or deprecation applied to persons: a mean, low 'scurvy' fellow; a rascal, scoundrel

scambled made shift, found means somehow, possibly unscrupulously

scandal allegation

scant (v.) diminish, underestimate

scantling the required distance to achieve (something); within one's limits or capacities'; but the usage here may include a punning reference to a term in archery signifying "the distance from the mark [target] within which a shot was not regarded as a miss"

scarves probably refers to military scarves or sashes, worn either around the waist or across the body; for an example see Nevinson, Catalogue of English Domestic Embroidery of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, plate LXV

scatter squander

scattering placed far apart

scene action, episode, complication of events, or situation, in real life (OED 10a)

scene place where events are happening (OED 8a); ‘an episode, situation, etc., forming a subject of narration or description’ (OED 10b); puns on theatrical scene

scenes Painted hangings, slides, etc., set at the back and sides of stages for the performance of Jacobean and Caroline masques (OED 6a)

schemist astrologer, one who draws horoscopes (OED 1)

scholastic histrionic, affected (in the manner of amateur university actors); relying too much on mechanical gestures and inappropriate vocal emphases

school instruct; teach a disciplinary lesson

school chastise, punish

school (v) reprimand (OED school v.1, 3a); instruct (a person) how to act (OED 5)

schooled reprimanded; instructed

schooling education, training in the arts of dancing, music etc.

science knowledge

scimitar sword, fancifully referring to the curved Turkish sword

Sclavonian a person of Slavonic origin; a Slav (interestingly Coryat in his Crudities, whom Brome was copying in this instance, accurately spelt the word as "Slavonians")

sconce head, especially the crown or top of the head (OED n. 2)

scope purpose, aim (OED n2. 2a)

score o' the score: in debt (OED 10b)

score twenty

scorn show of contempt, insult or mockery

scorners people who mock or scorn

scourge whip (symbolically representing divine judgement)

scourge whip; divine judgement

scouts (militarily) men sent out ahead of the main force in order to reconnoitre the position and movements of the enemy; but here the word is used in the wider sense of seekers sent out to obtain information (OED n4. 2a)

scrambling contending with each other; generally used of any uncouth behaviour; applied also to a meal at which the partakers help themselves to what they can get

scrape gather together or hoard up money (OED v. 5c)

screw up to produce or attain with effort (OED v. 7)

scripture sacred writings (OED n. 1d); motto (OED n. 3)

scrivener a professional scribe or copyist

scrivener's Latin the small amount of Latin a law clerk would need to know

scruple refers to a small unit of time (OED n1. 3), but puns on alternative meaning: 'a doubt, uncertainty or hesitation in regard to right and wrong, duty, propriety, etc.' (OED n2. 1)

scruple doubt, uncertainty or hesitation in regard to right and wrong, duty, propriety (OED n2. 1)

scruple small unit of time

scrupulous over-nice or meticulous in matters of right and wrong (OED 1a)

scrupulous meticulous, troubled with doubts, anxious (OED adj. 1)

scrupulous prone to hesitate or doubt; distrustful (OED 1b)

scults skulks

scurrility coarseness, jesting, buffoonery

scurvily rudely; shabbily, meanly

scurvy (n.) a disease characterized by general debility of the body, extreme tenderness of the gums, foul breath, subcutaneous eruptions and pains in the limbs, induced by exposure and by a too liberal diet of salted foods, and now recognized as caused by insufficient vitamin C in the diet

scurvy contemptible, shabby or sloppy

scutched to strike out at, to slash, to hit with a stick (OED 1, citing this example)

scutcheons ceremonial shields displayed at funerals

sea-coal mineral coal (coal in the usual sense), as distinguished from charcoal (OED sea-coal n, 2a)

sea-gowns sailors’ clothing or, given the speed with which Peregrine and the Doctor have to change their clothing later in the scene, recognisably water-resistant cloaks (Eleanor Lowe informed the editor that these would be of linen canvas waterproofed with linseed oil in the 1630s)

sea-room room to manoeuvre a ship at sea (OED)

search Also 'probe' (a wound), hence 'deep' in next line [MC 1.1.speech71].

search investigate, examine (OED v. 5a)

search investigate, examine (OED v. 5a). Also 'probe' (a wound), hence 'deep' in next line [MC 1.1.speech70].

searched into examined, penetrated

season course of time

seat estate; habitat

second support

second someone assisting or supporting

secret clandestine, covert, stealthy, hidden

secrets private parts (OED n pl, 6)

secure assure; protect

secure safe, free from anxiety

secured protected, rendered safe

sedan-men two men paid to carry a covered chair borne on poles and designed to carry one person

sedanman one of the two men required to carry a sedan chair, a closed kind of litter borne on two parallel poles or shafts

sedans closed vehicles, each seating one person, which were carried on a parallel pair of poles by two bearers, one in front and one behind. In The Sparagus Garden Brome refers to them as `hand-barrows' (1.3) and `hand-litters' (4.10).

see view; match (a term deriving from card-games, where it refers to matching the bet of another player: Phyllis picks up this sense in her next line)

see for look for, try to find (OED see v, 19)

seek go in search of; go to, visit (OED v. 4a)

seeming appearance; aspect (OED vbl n, 1 and 2)

seesaw monotonous up-and-down movements of the arms and hands or of the legs and feet (the nursery rhyme from which the phrase is drawn, 'Seesaw, sacradown, Which is the way to London town?' continues 'One foot up and one foot down')

self-companion own companion

Semiramis Queen of the Assyrians, who disguised herself as a man in order to lead an army in battle.

sempster a person whose occupation is sewing

sennight week (archaic); abbreviation of 'seven nights'

sense perception (OED n. 1e)

sense feeling for, liability to feel pain (on behalf of) (OED n. 5)

senses wits, reason (OED n. 10a)

sensible is in full possession of his senses

sensible free from delirium (OED adj. 13)

sensible aware, capable of perceiving

sensible feeling something acutely or as markedly painful (OED adj, 6)

sensuality here used in the sense of a gratification or pleasuring of the senses

sentence opinion, judgement; saying, motto

sententiously neatly, concisely; utterance of maxims (wise sayings)

Separatist one who advocates ecclesiastical separation; one who belongs to a religious commmunity separated from the Church or from a particular church; a member of any of the sects separated from the Church of England; in the 17th c. (hence in mod. use Hist., with capital S) applied chiefly to the Independents and those who agreed with them in rejecting all ecclesiastical authority outside the individual congregation (OED a and n, 1)

sepulchred buried

sere dried up and withered

serge woollen fabric, robust and durable, chiefly worn by lower income people

sergeants officers of the law court who made arrests, served summons to attend trial, and enforced judgements (in use till 1680 according to the OED n. 4a)

servant the actors (who serve the audience by performing for them)

servant professed lover, one attentive to the desires of a beloved

serve work as a servant (for someone), either as an apprentice or as a bondsman for a stated period of time (usually seven years)

serve suffice, be enough

serve to answer a purpose

serve suffice, be of use

serve treat

service a set of cooked or prepared dishes and the utensils required for serving a particular meal (OED 28a)

service position as servant

service work as a servant

service the devotion or suit of a lover

service sexual action

servile slavish, cringing, ignoble

sessions series of sittings or meetings of a court (OED session n, 3a); judicial sittings (OED n. 4)

set Two meanings elide in this usage: "fixed, definite, not subject to uncertainty or alteration"; and "provided with a musical setting". (OED ppl. a, 2 and 1d)

set (v) sitting in judgement (OED v1 4c)

set seated (at the table)

set start off, begin to move (OED v1. 106)

set down settled, as if it has been put down in writing; decided

set my rest stake my last (OED rest n2, 6b and 7)

set on advance, go forward (OED set v1, 148g)

set out describe

set out v. to advance, to forward

set to his mark sign a document (or mark it with an x, for an illiterate) (OED set v1, 113a)

set yourself at gaze make yourself attractively conspicuous (from OED `set' v1, 25a)

setting forth arranging in a certain manner, laying out (set v1, 144a (c)); adorning, decorating (set v1, 144g); exhibiting, displaying (set v1, 144j)

settle resolve, bring to a state of composure

several individual

several various

several different, separate

severally not together, independently (through different doors)

severally not together or in a company; independently (archaic) (OED 2)

sexton The officer responsible for maintenance and management of a church and its property; an officer of a parish church whose responsibilities have traditionally included bell-ringing and grave-digging (OED 1a)

shade 'The visible but impalpable form of a dead person, a ghost' (OED n. 6a)

shadow someone who follows or accompanies another person as if they were their shadow; also means a parasite or toady (OED n. 8)

shadow phantom, ghost

shadow imitation (and thus actor); ghost

shadow conceal, screen, obscure

shadowed concealed, screened, obscured

shadows fleeting or ephemeral things (OED shadow n, 4c); insubstantial objects (OED shadow n, 6a); prefigurations, foreshadowings (OED shadow n, 6c)

shadows ghosts; delusions

shake-rag ragged disreputable person; beggar

shallow superficial (OED a1, 6a)

shamble-shanks someone with deformed or ill-shaped legs

shambles meat-market

shame disgrace, dishonour

shan't dialect form of 'shall not', which Haarker assigns to the Midlands

shape costume, appearance

shape clothes, bodily form and appearance, like one's self

shape costumes

shape stage costume

shark to prey upon, to victimize, sponge upon, swindle (OED)

shark (n) swindler, parasite (OED n2)

sharp severe

sharp hungry (OED adj. 4f)

sharpness used to refer to severe weather: intensity of heat, cold, etc. (OED 4d)

shawms mediæval musical instruments of the oboe class, having a double reed enclosed in a globular mouthpiece

she-customers female customers

Sheepshead 'A fool, simpleton; also as adj., stupid.' (OED 2a)

sheet-leaves pages

shent disgraced

Sheugh! A vocalised exclamation, a scoffing sound (Brome attempts to spell phonetically the aural effect of the sound). The word existed as a noun from 1501 signifying a furrow, ditch or drain, and may be deployed here by Brome as expressive of Letoy's distaste for fussy doctors.

shift (in plural) strategies, schemes, expedients

shift change your clothes

shift strategy involving disguise

shift get (a person) out of the way (OED v. 16a)

shift change

shift an expedient, an ingenious device for effecting some purpose (OED n. III 3a)

shift movement (sometimes with a sexual meaning)

shift change of clothes (OED n. 9a); linen or cotton undergarment worn next to the skin (OED n. 10a)

shift manage, succeed, get on (OED v. 4a)

shifter one who resorts to petty shifts or tricks, a trickster, cozener (OED n. 3a)

shifts clever ploys or expedients, impromptu experiments or displays (in acting)

shining (of fire) emitting light (OED, shine, v. 1a)

shirt an undergarment (common to both sexes) for the upper part of the body, made of linen, calico, flannel, silk, or other washable material, which was originally always worn next to the skin (OED 1a)

shoals troops, crowds (OED shoal n2, 3a)

shoin shoes (dialect)

shoon shoes (in this period a marker of northern or southern English dialect speech, or a poetic archaism)

shop-maid woman who serves in a shop

shopbook account book

short came short: arrived short of time, i.e. too late (MCWM).

short failing to reach some standard or objective (OED short III)

short fall short, underestimate, miscalculate

short inadequate

short too late

shortly soon

shot (collect. sing.) soldiers armed with muskets or other firearms (rarely with bows); small shot: troops furnished with small arms as distinguished from artillerymen (OED n. III 21a)

shotten-headed from `shotten' = `having spawned', hence `exhausted', `worthless'(OED 3): numbskull, blockhead

shoulder up support

shouldered hustled, jostled (OED shoulder v, 1a)

show display, appearance

show ostentatious display

show (v) instruct, teach

shows displays; displays ‘deliberately or ostentatiously in order to attract notice or win admiration’ (OED v. 8a)

shrewd cruel, vicious, malicious (often used as an intensive as here to carry the meaning grievous)

shrewd cunning, artful (OED adj. 13a); perhaps also 'difficult, dangerous' or even evil (see OED 4)

shrewdly shrewly = shrewdly, here meaning `severely' (OED 2)

shrewdly sharply, harshly (OED adv. 3)

shrewdly severely (OED adv. 2)

shrievalty term of office as sheriff

shrieve sheriff

shrinking cowering, retreating; curling up (see OED shrink v, 11)

shroud shelter

shrouding sheltering, protecting

shuffled put or thrown together in one mass indiscriminately, incongruously, or without order; jumbled together (OED v. 4a); the image is based on shuffling cards (see 2a)

shugh "An expression of impatience". OED cites this as the only known example of its usage.

shun escape from (OED v. 2a and 4a); flee from (OED v. 6a); avoid encountering (OED v. 3); keep away from (OED v. 6b)

shun seek safety by concealment or flight from (OED v1. 2)

shun seek safety by concealment or flight from (an enemy) (OED v1. 2; now obsolete)

shuttlecock not badminton but the game (more fully battledore and shuttlecock, now played only by children) in which the shuttlecock is hit with the battledore backwards and forwards between two players, or by one player into the air as many times as possible without dropping it (OED 2)

sickerly truly

sicky such (dialect)

side support (OED v1. 3)

side-saddle saddle that allows a woman to sit with both feet on one side (usually the left) of a horse (In use since ancient times, as witnessed by illustrations on Greek vases and Celtic stones; but becoming more common in the middle ages, and still used by some modern female riders. Sitting aside rather than astride was considered more modest.)

sides take (your) side, support (you)

sides that is, rib-cage, sides of the body

sides stands by the side of

sift examine closely (to discover secrets)

signet a small, engraved stamp of metal, usually placed in a finger-ring (OED n. 1), used to produce an impression in a wax seal on a document as evidence of authority; ‘signet’ can also mean the document itself (OED n. 3b)

signior a form of address of Italian usage (or with reference to Italians); the word is equivalent to "sir" or "sire" in English

signor usually a polite form of address in Spanish or Italian to a man of superior degree (the equivalent of "Sir") but here used contemptuously (Brome is not consistent in his spelling of the term but tends to use "signior" when referring to Italian and "signor" with regard to Spanish men)

signory a governing body, especially deployed with reference to that of Venice or other mediæval Italian republics (derived from the Italian, signoria (OED 4).

silliness foolishness, intellectual feebleness; sometimes innocence

silly helpless; foolish; humble; trivial

silly insignificant

silly insignificant; unsophisticated; foolish

simple simple at it: make light of it (OED simple, v.1 2. intr.); possibly a misprint for ‘simper’: this is OED’s only example of this usage

simple mentally impaired

simple (v)

simple (as an adjective) unaffected, innocent, humble

simple person of humble social class (OED n, 1b)

simples plants or herbs employed for medical purposes; remedies (OED simple n, 6)

simplicities ignorances (OED simplicity 2a); stupidities

simply humbly

since from that time until now

sincere genuine, pure; real, true

single one at a time (in single combat)

single honest, sincere, free from deceit (OED 14a)

single money small change

singles a movement in dancing that involved taking two steps forward or back that ended with bringing the feet together

singly in single combat

singular unique; remarkable; strange

singularity peculiarity, eccentricity, oddity, strangeness

singularly specially, particularly, unusually

sink cause to descend (to Hell)

sinks falls to the ground

sippings mere tastes of something

Sir John a familiar or contemptuous appellation for a priest: from SIR as rendering the Latin word, dominus, at the Universities (OED John n, 3)

sire father

sires fathers

sirloin roast beef

sirrah address to a young boy or servant

sirrah sir (authoritatively or contemptuously); often addressed to a boy or servant

sirrah sir (authoratively or contemptuously)

sirrah comical address to saucy young person, male or female; in this instance, to a saucy younger sister

sirrah term of contempt

sirrah a term of address from a social superior to someone below them in status, marking the distance between them

sit at to be tenant of, to occupy, a house, farm, etc.; to remain during a lease; to continue a tenancy; also, to live at a certain rate of expense (OED, sit v, 8b)

six-footed bloodhounds fleas and lice (Haaker)

skew cup or wooden bowl (cant) (OED n4)

skill knowledge (OED n1. 7)-- here, medical expertise

skill carries a meaning closer to 'expert knowledge' than to the modern idea of 'practised action'

skills matters (OED skill v1, 2b)

skin leather

skip leap, spring (OED v1. 2a)

skip-kennel someone who has to jump (skip) over gutters (known as ‘kennels’), ‘a lackey, a foot-boy, a footman’ (OED; earliest citation is from 1668)

skipjack pert shallow-brained fellow; puppy, whipper-snapper; conceited fop or dandy (OED n. 1)

skipper barn, outhouse, or shed, used as a sleeping-place by vagrants (cant)

skirr 'To throw with a rapid skimming motion' (OED v. 4)

skitterbrook one who befouls his breeches; a coward (this would appear to be a Brome coinage, as the OED cites the only usages as occurring in The Novella [NV 4.2.speech583] and in The Court Beggar [CB 4.2.speech771])

slack slow, tardy, remiss

slack lacking in energy, lax in one's duties (a. and adv.)

slake to slacken or diminish

slave reduce to the condition of a slave; enslave

slaved enslaved, brought into subjection (OED v1. 1)

slavered drooled over, or slobbered

sleek plausible, specious (OED adj. 3); also means 'perfectly smooth or polished' (OED adj. 2), so Vermin may suggest that money slips through the hands of men like Dryground

sleek (of animals or persons) fur or skin in good condition; fawning, smooth

sleight artifice, strategy, trickery (OED n1. 1)

sleight craft or cunning employment

slenderly meagrely, slightly, poorly

slight insult

slight (of a meal) light, insubstantial

slight mean, insubstantial, lowly, small, trifling

slight (v) disregard, treat with disrespect

Slight An expletive (a shortening of the phrase: "By God's light!")

slighted treated contemptuously, with indifference

slighter more smooth/glossy/sleek (OED slight a, 1)

slighting disregarding, disdaining

slightly easily; neglectfully

slightly easily; to a small extent (OED adv. 3 and 5a)

slips leashes for dogs, so contrived that the animals can readily be released; especially ones used for a couple of greyhounds in coursing, by which they can be let go simultaneously (OED n3. 3a)

sliver slice

slops baggy breeches or hose, often called Dutch slops (OED n1. 4a) (the title page of Middleton and Dekker's The Roaring Girl has an illustration of Mary Frith dressed in slops (available on EEBO); the portrait of Sir Martin Frobisher (painted by Cornelius Ketel, 1577, owned by the Bodleian, and available online) illustrates the slops often worn by sailors: see http://elizabethangeek.com/costumereview/image.mhtml?image_id=58

slough the outer scarf of skin periodically shed by a snake (OED n. 2)

sluttish dirty, grimy

small minor, trivial

smart (n) sharp physical pain

smart (v) suffer pain

smarted suffered

smirk smile in an affected, self-satisfied, or silly manner; to simper

smirk smile self-consciously or self-righteously

smock a common shift or undergarment

smock council in allusive terms, 'smock' can be suggestive of loose conduct or immorality in, or in relation to, women, (OED n. 3b); so Josina's smock council is made up of the people she consults in order to advance her adultery

smock secrets secret sexual activities

smoke tobacco

smoke burn (figurative)

smoke (n) tobacco smoke

smoked detected

smooch kiss; incorrectly defined as a US colloquialism, but actually dating back to early modern England (see John Florio, A World of Words (1598) under Inbeccare, to embill or feed birds, to bill, to smouch (LEME); OED cites usage for smouch as far back as 1583; in a modern text, smooch is the more familiar term now)

snap (of animals) to make a quick or sudden bite at something; to feed on in this way (OED snap v, I 1a)

snapped snatched, made a quick or eager catch at a thing, bore off

snappishly peevishly, abruptly

snatch a hasty sexual encounter (OED n. 6b)

sneakup As well as suggesting 'sneakiness' this name also suggests 'sneck up' a phrase used by Sir Toby to shut Malvolio up in Twelfth Night 2.3. The meaning there depends on 'sneck' as a latch or door bolt and shutting up the doors equates to shutting up speaking.

sneap snub, reprove, chide

snook snoop, pry

snout-fair 'having a fair countenance'; handsome (OED)

snout-fair comely, handsome -- according to OED `frequent in 16th and 17th centuries, usually with some disparaging suggestion'

snuffs small quantity of liquid left at the bottom of a container

so provided that

so to such an extent

so so (that), so long as (OED adv. and conj. 26a)

so, so, so an interjection indicating that the speaker is thinking aloud (it is used, for instance, by Quicksands in The English Moor; Letoy in The Antipodes; and Touchwood in The Asparagus Garden)

sober moderate, avoiding excess (OED adj. 1); abstemious (OED adj. 2); serious, staid (OED 5a)

sober modest

socage a form of land tenure

society exclusive access, association, relationship, sexual union

sod boiled

soever ‘Used with generalizing or emphatic force after words or phrases preceded by how, what, which, whose, etc.’ (OED soever, adv.)

soil tarnish, bring disgrace on (OED v1. 3)

soiled defiled, dirtied

sojourned resided for a time (made a temporary stay)

sojourners lodgers, guests

solder unite, fasten, mend

solemn sombre

solicitous anxious, eager

solus Latin, alone

sometimes former, some time in the past

somewhat a certain amount of information (OED adj. 1a)

somewhat a small amount, contribution

somniferous sleep-inducing, soporific

sooth (in) truth, (in) all honesty

soothed confirmed, backed [him] up, verified, also with the suggestion, humoured

soothes to encourage by assenting (OED soothe v, 4a)

soothsayer one who has the power of foretelling future events, a prognosticator

soothsayers literally, truth-tellers (OED 1); more usually, persons who claim or pretend to the power of foretelling future events (OED 2)

sophisticated adulterated (OED adj. 1); ‘altered from, deprived of, primitive simplicity or naturalness’ (OED adj. 2a; citing The Queen and Concubine as figurative usage)

sore severely, dangerously; intensely

sore travailed worked hard

sorely severely (but with punning intimations of the extent and consequences of the bruising)

sorrel sops soup made of bread soaked in boiled sorrel leaves, characterized by a sour taste and often used as food for invalids, or in medicine

sort kind, sorts of people

sort such a manner

sort group, clique (or, more appropriately in the theatrical context, claque)

sort turn out so as to answer or accord with one's wish, desire, etc. (OED v1. 7c)

sort to answer or correspond to, to befit or suit (OED 8)

sorted chosen as fitting or suitable (OED 14a, citing this usage for 1634)

sorting corresponding to, agreeing with, suiting, befitting

sorts corresponds with, suits (OED sort v1, 8)

soul-free without having to pay for his sins by losing his soul to the devil (nonce-word, not in OED)

soul-frighting terrifying

sound healthy

sound factually true; free from error or logical defect; good, strong, valid (OED adj. 8a)

sound safe, stable

sound in good mental health

sound (n) significance (OED n3. 4a); echo, a hollow noise, without significance (OED n3. 4e)

sounding declaring, proclaiming, praising (see OED, sound, v1. 10)

soundly completely (but also with the sense here of becoming sound in mind)

soundly severely

sounds resounds (OED sound v1, 1b); conveys a certain impression or idea by the sound (OED sound v1, 4a); used frequently by Brome: see The Novella: ‘This sounds yet well’; ‘This sounds most strangely!’ [NV 5.1.speech721]; The English Moor: ‘This sounds well.’ [EM 2.2.speech321]; The Late Lancashire Witches: ‘This sounds well.’ [LW 5.5.speech999]

souped i.e. spooned up with

sour embittered, morose, peevish

souse drink (alcohol), drench oneself in alcohol

souse pickled trotters or pigs' ears, preserved for winter food

souse (v) immerse (in alcohol); intoxicate

soused plunged or immersed in water (OED souse v, 2a)

sovereign supreme, greatest; qualification of ‘queen’, perhaps suggesting that Flavello flatters Alinda by telling her that she is a 'sovereign' queen - i.e. a power in her own right - rather than merely gaining power through the King's favour

sovereign supreme, greatest

sovereign efficacious or potent to a supreme degree (OED adj. 3)

sovereignty rule, supremacy, authority

sow-gelder someone who makes a living by gelding or spaying sows (OED)

spake spoke

spaniel fawning person (OED n1. 2b)

spare refrain, abstain, forbear

spare abstinent, self-denying (OED, adj.)

sparing reticent or restrained; frugal

spark a lively young man

spark young foppish man (gallant) (OED n2. 2a)

sparkling brilliant, lively (especially in speech) (OED a2, 3 and 4): OED’s earliest citation for sense 4 dates from 1647, but see Dekker and Middleton, The Roaring Girl (Prince Henry’s Men, 1611), in which Sir Alexander refers to Mary Fitzallard’s ‘sparkling presence’ (11.259)

speak relate, give an account of

speakingly strikingly, expressively

speaks you proclaims you as, reveals you as

special notable, important, distinguished (The OED examples of this now-obsolete sense [a, 1d] are all dated between 1576 and 1631.)

special exceptional; employed for specific purposes

sped fared; managed

speed (n) quickness, promptness, dispatch

speed (v) meet with good fortune, succeed

speeds fares, is making out

spell speak; to discourse or to preach; to talk, converse, or speak (OED v1 intr.)

spent exhausted, worn out

spermaceti a fatty substance, found in the head of the sperm-whale and used largely in various medicinal preparations (also in the manufacture of candles) (OED 1)

spew literally "vomit"; but here used figuratively meaning "violently expel or exile"

sphere realm (referring to the Ptolemaic system in which the heavens were imagined as a series of concentric spheres)

spice touch or trace of a disorder or malady (OED n. 5a); dash or flavour (OED n. 5b) (OED notes that the latter meaning often carries with it a touch of the former)

spiny thin and gaunt

spirit life-blood, breath of life (OED n. 1); ‘brisk or lively quality in things’ (OED n. 14a)

spirit soul (i.e. of a deceased person); can also be used to refer to a demon

spirit character, disposition

spirit animation, impulse

spirit character, disposition; courage, resolution

spirit energy; courage, resolution

spirited lively, energetic (OED adj. 2)

spirits people who have a certain kind of character (in this case ‘sparkling’) (OED spirit n, 9); dispositions (OED spirit n, 18b)

spirits characters, people of a particular disposition (OED spirit n, 8a and 9)

spirt a sudden burst of activity; a variant of 'spurt', also used in the seventeenth century.

spit penis (Williams)

spit pierce with a sharp weapon

spit metal spike on which food, principally meat, is cooked in front of a fire

spit (v) speak with anger or hatred

spital hospitals

spital hospital.

spite injury (OED n. 1)

spite at a particular instance of malignant or rancorous feeling directed towards a special object (OED 3a)

spittle a kind of hospital generally occupied by those of low status or suffering from infectious diseases (OED n1. 1)

splay foot a foot which turns outwards, often believed to be a sign of a witch

spleen regarded as the seat of melancholy or depression (OED 1b); or more strongly describes a fit of bad temper (OED 7a); from the point of view of a prankster, spleen is the seat of mirth (OED 1c)

spleen a punning usage referring to both the organ in the body and to the ill-temper, anger, resentment that abuse of the organ might provoke

spleen abdominal organ, held by many ages to be the seat of melancholy but in the early seventeenth century more traditionally held to be the seat of laughter or mirth (OED 1c)

spoiled (of persons) defective, impaired; overindulged (OED 3a and 4)

spoke described (OED speak 14.c)

spokesman representative, mouthpiece

spoon-meat custard, made of milk, sugar, and flavouring

sport fun, i.e. sex

sport fun (OED n1. 1a) sexual play (OED n1. 1b)

sport entertainment, amusement, recreation, diversion (OED n1. 1a)

sport sexual intercourse

sport fun, entertainment

sportive playful, light and lively

sports entertainments, amusements, recreations, diversions (OED sport n1, 1a)

spotless pure, immaculate (OED adj. 2)

sprawler although OED lists the earliest usage of this noun as 1832, Brome seems to mean here someone who is ungainly in movement, who takes up more space than is appropriate, who spreads out to fill more space than one would expect them to

sprig an ornament in the form of a spray (OED sprig n2, 4a); compare Marston, Antonio and Mellida (Children of Paul's, c. 1599): ‘I ha’ bought me a new green feather with a red sprig’ (W. Reavley Gair, ed., Antonio and Mellida [Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991], 5.1.86-7)

sprightly spirited

sprights spirits, ghosts, fairies, imps or elves

spring-tide ‘A tide occurring on the days shortly after the new and full moon, in which the high-water level reaches its maximum.’ (OED 2)

springal young man, stripling

sprinkle scatter, distribute (droppings, in distress)

sprites disembodied spirits, ghosts; supernatural beings, fairies (OED spright n1, 2)

spruce smart, lively

sprunt smart, lively

spurged cleansed or purified

spurging laxative

spurging shitting, defecating, bowel-emptying (from OED spurge v1: to empty or relieve the bowels by evacuation)

spurn reject; scorn, despise (OED v1. 6)

spurred cut by spurs

spurrier a spur maker

spurs urges, prompts, goads, incites

spurt short period of time

squab raw inexperienced person (Brome's The Sparagus Garden is OED's only recorded example); also a young pigeon or newly hatched bird

square marks out in rectangular form (OED square v, 1c and 1d)

square (v) render appropriate

square (a) honourable, honest

squared rendered appropriate

squaring setting square or true

squeamish disdainfully

squeamishly disdainfully, fastidiously

squint permanent tendency in the eye to look obliquely or askant (OED n. 1a, for which The Queen's Exchange supplies the earliest example listed)

squint-eyed sly by implication of deformed sight

squire a title, prefixed to the surname of a country gentleman, or landed proprietor, especially one who is the principal landowner in a village or district; the title frequently forms part of his customary name (as in Squire Oldrents), although it is not a formal title like a baron or earl, either of whom would be addressed as 'Lord'

squire someone ranking immediately below a knight in the feudal system (OED n. 1a); personal attendant or servant (OED n. 1c); a contemptuous term for a servant (OED n. 1d); pimp (OED n. 4b)

squire young man attending on a knight

staff-torch a tall thick candle used for ceremonial purposes (OED staff n, 1 26)

staggering reeling; astounded, astonished (OED adj. 2)

staggers bewilders, unsettles (faith in something, purpose)

staid dignified and serious in demeanour or conduct, socially acceptable and financially secure.

staid free from flightiness, serious in conduct

stake a post upon which persons were bound for execution, esp. by burning (OED stake n, 1b)

stale old, past a marriageable age; no longer fresh

stallion a punning usage involving the sense of a) a male horse; b) by extension, a lustful man (OED n. 2b)

stamp the engraved portrait of a monarch pressed (stamped) into a coin

stampers feet

stand maintain an erect penis

stand state of arrested movement; standstill (OED stand n1, 5a

stand act as (OED stand v, 15a-c)

stand observation post, vantage point, viewing place (a term derived from hunting or warfare where the meaning is "a place of ambush", "cover")

stand remain steadfast, firm, secure (in an opinion); hold to, stand firm (in one's beliefs) (OED v. 9b)

stand further move away, stand further off (OED `further' adv, 4: at a greater distance in space)

stand off to retire to a distance; to draw back, go farther away (OED v. VII 96)

stand out be conspicuous, prominent (in the company of other men's wives); but the usage here also carries a phallic suggestiveness

stand out to be conspicuous, prominent (in the company of other men's wives); but the usage here also carries a phallic suggestiveness

stand out not take part in, refuse to join in with, hold aloof from (any involvement)

stand the hazard take (my) chance; chance it; face the danger

stand up mount (the horse)

stand your ground maintain your position, take a firm stand; (colloquially) 'hold onto your hats'

standard distinctive ensign of the king

standing length of service in a profession

star fortune, destiny

stark utterly, thorough, out-and-out (an intensive, generally used to qualify an unfavourable epithet)

start sudden fit of passion, temper, etc.

start undergo a sudden involuntary movement of the body (OED v. 5a); flinch, recoil

start escape (the latest usage which the OED gives for this now obsolete sense (v, 6) is 1622)

start off move suddenly away (from someone or something)

start up rise suddenly

start-up upstart, social climber

starting getting away from, moving from

startle feel sudden astonishment or alarm; take fright

startle-brain thing that upsets the brain (OED); this is OED’s only example, and I have not been able to find another: the word may be Brome’s invention

starts flinches, recoils

starts bounds up suddenly in a violent impulse from a position of rest (OED 2a)

state health of mind or body (OED n. 1d); possessions, means of livelihood (OED n. 1e); high rank, status, power (OED n. 16); country (OED n. 29a)

state condition, circumstances; status, rank

state pomp and ceremony

state government, court (OED n. 26)

state financial prosperity of an estate or property

state-matters affairs of state

state-rhyme political cliché

statuary sculptor

statute-lace lace of a size regulated by law (OED statute n, 8b)

stay stay out (at night)

stay standstill, stop

stay wait

stay delayed, deferred (OED, stay, v1. 10)

stay stop, prevent

stay stand aside

stay a stopping behind, halt, delay, postponement

stay stop in one's tracks, stand still

stay halt, stop (someone's speech)

stay delay

stay delay (OED n3. 4)

stay (v) await, wait for

stay (n) support (but with implication of being a steadying influence)

stay loitering, pausing, halting (remaining in the one place)

stay sustain (OED v2. 1)

stayed stayed for

stayed stopped (but also in context with the punning suggestion of "steadied" (mentally)

stayed held up, delayed

stays awaits

stays delays

stays is not back yet

stays (v) delays

stays prepared waiting (already prepared and laid at table)

stays prepared is served at table, is ready

stead be useful or advantageous to

stead serve (OED v. 2)

stead to be useful or advantageous to (OED, v.)

steal (from) depart from secretly or quietly (OED, steal, v1. 8)

steeds horses (used for state occasions or war)

steel swords

steel dagger, sword

stenography the art of writing in shorthand

stepdame stepmother

steward 'he that keepeth the store of houshold' (John Baret, An Alveary or Triple Dictionary, in English, Latin, and French [1574]; in LEME); like a butler, the steward is in charge of purchasing and dispensing for, as well as managing generally, the house in which he is employed

stewed term from cooking to imply long heating or boiling; but also used as an opprobrious epithet to suggest corrupt behaviour

stick stab, pierce; (of pointed instrument) remain imbedded; (of thoughts, feelings) to remain permanently in the mind (OED, stick, v. 1, 4a, 6b)

stickle act as mediator or umpire; intervene

stickler a moderator or umpire at a tournament, a wrestling or fencing match, etc., appointed to see fair play, and to part the combatants when they have fought enough, hence one who intervenes as a mediator between combatants or disputants (OED 1, 1)

stiff steadfast, resolute (OED stiff a, 8), with a double entendre on ‘erect’

stifles suffocates

stilettoes a short dagger with a blade that is thick in proportion to its breadth (OED cites a use of the term in 1611 in Thomas Coryat's Crudities (p. 275): "They [Venetian ‘Bravi’] wander abroad very late in the night...armed with a privy coat of mail...and a little sharp dagger called a stiletto"

still without interruption; continually, constantly (OED adv. 3a)

still now as formerly (OED adv. 4)

still always; continually; ever; on every occasion

still (v) silence

stink break wind to emit a foul smell or even defecate through fear

stint cause to cease, bring to an end, check, stop (OED 7)

stipend allowance

stir active or energetic bustle of a number of persons (or animals); commotion, excitement (OED n. 1, 2 and 3)

stirring aphrodisiac

stirring up provoking, stimulating (erotically)

stirrup porridge cup of drink (breakfast broth) just before leaving on horseback for a journey (see OED, stirrup-cup)

stock fund of money, expenses (OED n1. 47)

stock family, kindred (OED n1. 3c.); quantity, store (OED n1. 55a; earliest citation is 1638)

stock fund of money (OED n1. 47)

stock race, family, or ancestral type (OED n. 1 and 3d)

stol’n stolen

stomachers a stomacher was an ornamental covering for the chest, shaped like a ‘v’ and pinned to each side of the bodice at the front, often laced with ribbon. An early seventeenth-century embroidered stomacher from the Victoria and Albert Museum is reproduced in John L. Nevinson, Catalogue of English Domestic Embroidery of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London: HMSO, 1950), plate LVIII

stone unit of weight which varies with different commodities but is equivalent to 14 pounds avoirdupois when used in stating human weight (OED n. 14a)

stone-blind blind as a stone; completely blind

stone-cutter (1) a surgeon who cuts for gall-stones (OED stone-cutter, 2: first citation is 1655, but the use of ‘stone’ to mean gall-stone goes back to c. 1000); (2) a castrator (Williams, 3: 1321). Cf. Edward Sharpham, Cupid’s Whirligig (King's Revels, c. 1607; printed London, 1607), in which Sir Timothy Troublesome pledges to geld himself, telling his servant Wages to fetch the ‘operator’; when Wages asks ‘What’s he sir’, Troublesome replies ‘The stone-cutter’, to which Wages responds ‘Oh you mean the sow-gelder’ (sig. E2v).

stones testicles (OED n. 11a)

stood insisted

stood offered myself as a candidate

stood stood up, with sexual innuendo (to stand is to have an erection)

stool seat for an offender (OED n. 1d); privy (n, 5a)

stool-ball an old country game somewhat resembling cricket, played chiefly by young women or, as an Easter game, between young men and women for a 'tansy' (OED tansy 3) as the stake

store furnish, supply, stock (a person, place, etc.) with something (OED v. 1a); but other plausible additional meanings suggest 'provide for the continuance or improvement of (a stock, race, breed) (OED 2a, now obsolete); 'produce as offspring; also, to breed, rear (young animals) (OED 2b, also now obsolete); these meanings reinforce the odd sexuality binding witches and familiars; also 'keep in store for future use' (OED 4)

store supply

store things with which a household, camp or other base of activities is stored (with food, clothing and other amenities) (OED n, 1a); sufficient or plentiful supply (of something needful) (OED n. 4a); plenty, abundance (OED n. 4b); things owned by someone, or the goods/money they have accumulated (OED n. 5a)

storms rages, reacts in a furious manner (especially by making gestures or movements)

stout proud, bold

stout valiant, resolute

stout as a positive attribute: valiant, doughty; as a negative: headstrong, stubborn; surly; unruly (LEME); in terms of demeanour: defiant; as an enemy: uncompromising, valiant, fierce (OED 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 3a and 3e)

stout proud, defiant, obstinate

stoutness haughtiness, arrogance (OED 1)

straggle to wander or stray away

straggling wandering, straying, often used of vagrants or vagabonds

straight upright in posture

straight erect in stature (i.e. not deformed or diseased); honest

straight strait: tight (OED a 1.a)

straight frank, honest

straight immediately

straightway straightaway

strain (as part of the idiomatic expression, 'all of [or in] one strain') the phrase suggests 'entirely limited to one line of thought or patter, incapable of subtle variation'

strain high pitch of activity (rare) (OED n2. 5a); or effort

strain force

strain a specific section of music within a composition; the particular music for one set within a group of dances

strain kind, class, grade (OED n1. 9b)

strain line of thought, line of action

strain (n) melody, tune (OED n2. 13a); (n) a passage of poetry (OED n2. 13b)

strain (v) transgress the strict requirements (OED v1. 11b)

strain make every effort, strive vigorously (OED v1. 19)

strains tunes; songs or poems; strings of impassioned language (OED strain n2, 13c: OED’s earliest example is from 1649, but this sense may be present here)

strait difficulty, fix (OED a. n. and adv. B 2a)

strait narrow or tight place

strange unfamiliar (OED adj. 7); unusual, exceptional (OED adj. 8); surprising, peculiar (OED adj. 10a)

strange surprising, exceptional, wondrous, remarkable

strange aloof, distant

strangely oddly, surprisingly; but Partridge reads an innuendo into the word and interprets it as meaning 'sexually intimate', especially when coupled as here with 'used'

strangely very greatly (OED adv. 4); surprisingly, oddly, wondrously, unaccountably (OED adv. 5) (Partridge suggests that 'strangely' can mean 'sexually intimate', while Gordon Williams, A Dictionary of Sexual Language and Imagery in Shakespearean and Stuart Literature [London: Athlone, 1994], 3: 1328-9, notes that strange was a 'biblical ephithet for an illicit sexual partner', and that it is often used in the context of adultery)

strangely ‘In an unfriendly or unfavourable manner; with cold or distant bearing’ (OED adv. 2); very greatly (OED adv. 4); surprisingly, oddly, wondrously, unaccountably (OED adv. 5)

strangely eerily; wondrously; astonishingly

strangely very greatly (OED adv. 4); surprisingly, oddly, wondrously, unaccountably (OED adv. 5); (compare Jonson, Volpone, in which Peregrine, when asked how he likes the mountebank, replies, ‘Most strangely’)

stranger foreigner; someone unconnected by family ties

stranger someone unconnected by family ties

stranger i.e. from outside the family

strangers foreigners; newcomers

stratagem artifice or trick; a device or scheme for obtaining an advantage (OED 2)

streamers flags

strength a body (of men); the strength

strength power, especially ‘power to resist temptation or fulfil a difficult duty’ (OED n. 1d); perhaps with a pun on ‘military power’ (OED n. 1e)

strength aggregate resources, sum total

strength a body (of men); military strength

strength power, especially ‘power to resist temptation or fulfil a difficult duty’ (OED n. 1d)

stretch strain their abilities (OED v. 20)

strict ‘Rigorously maintained, admitting no relaxation or indulgence.’ (OED adj. 10)

strict absolute (OED adj. 13a); exactly or rigidly observed (OED adj. 13b)

strictly with insistence on exact performance, execution, or obedience (OED 3a)

strictly with unrelaxed care; narrowly (OED 6a)

strictly rigorously, severely; precisely, without discrepancy

strife quarrel, conflict

Strike to cause the hook to pierce the mouth of (a fish) by a jerk or sudden movement of the tackle; to hook; also said of the hook or the rod; and to cause (a hook) to pierce the mouth (OED strike v, 33f); there may also be a reference to being struck by the arrows of love

Strike burst into song, play music (OED 29d, 51c); the term is also used in magical descriptions, to indicate the working of a charm or enchantment

strike make your way (OED v.)

stripes strokes from a whip (they left long red weals like stripes across the body)

stripling youth, young man

stroke rod, or stick to beat with

stroke (musical) beat, measure (OED n1. 10a)

strokes marks (the image is drawn from whipping or lashing)

strokings passings of the hand "softly in one direction over (the head, body, hair of a person or animal) [...] as a method of healing" (OED stroke v1, 1a); a laying on of hands as a mode of healing

strolls (n) strollers or ramblers

strong powerful, formidable (OED adj. 7b); gross, flagrant (OED adj. 11e); hard to confute (OED adj. 16b)

strong powerful or formidable (OED adj. 7a), powerful or loud (as of a voice) (OED adj. 13d); intense, uncompromising (OED adj. 13i), firmly convinced (OED adj. 13j); having a powerful effect, hard to resist or control (OED adj. 16)

strong flagrantly guilty (OED adj. 11e)

strong firmly convinced (OED adj. 13j)

strong powerful in operative effect (OED adj. 10)

strong powerful; severe

strong-docked having firm buttocks (OED: 'strong-docked, "that has strong Reins and Sinews, lusty, stout" (Phillips 1706)'; found in East Anglian dialects, frequently applied to women assumed to be sexually vigorous

strong-water strong water is a translation of aquafortis, but here for strong liquors, spirits

strummel straw (thieves' cant)

strumpet debauched woman, whore

strumpets prostitutes

study learn (it) by heart

study subject, interest

study (v) seek to achieve (OED v. 11); in this context also suggests ‘plot for’

study employment, interest

stuff material and, given the sustained metaphor in the context, performed matter

stuff materials probably for making clothing; the word was also deployed to denote a specific kind of woollen fabric (OED n1. 5c)

stuff fabrics (interestingly Stuff is the name Jonson gives the tailor with a penchant for kinky sex in his late comedy The New Inn); and, since "stuff" can mean "to penetrate sexually", if the word is used as a verb, its use as a noun here slyly intimates that Byplay's Governor sees the Citizen's wife as little better than a whore)

stuff textile material, cloth (see OED n1. 5b); property, household goods (OED stuff n1, 1g)

stuff utensils, furniture (OED n1. 1g)

stuff textile material; cloth (see OED n1. 5b); property, household goods (OED n1. 1g); also, stock-in-trade (OED n1. 1j)

stumbler someone or something that stumbles, especially used of horses

stupefied stunned with amazement (and so deprived of apprehension, feeling, sensibility or the power of speech)

stupefies deadens, deprives of feeling, makes insensible (OED stupefy v, 1); stuns with amazement or fear, etc. (OED stupefy v, 2)

stupid stunned (from ‘stupefied’), amazed

sturdy solidly built; strong (OED adj. 7)

style (v) call, term

styled called (OED style v, 1a)

subject person who is dominated or controlled by another another(OED subject n, 3a)

subject one (or a group) ruled by a monarch

subjected abased, submitted, obedient

sublimed of a substance subjected to the action of heat in a vessel so as to convert it into vapour, which is carried off and on cooling is deposited in a solid form; especially used as an alchemical term (OED)

sublimed translated to heaven (that is, deceased)

sublimity loftiness, dignity

submission yielding, deference

suborned bribed

subscribe confess; acknowledge; admit the truth that

subscribe to make one's submission to another, to submit to another (OED 8, citing The City Wit 4.1)

subscribes writes, signs

subsist exist, be sustained

substance body or bodily matter (a solid or real thing, as opposed to an apparition or shadow)

substance possessions, estate, fortune (OED 16); puns on Bumpsey’s use of the word: what the speech amounts to (OED 11a); essence (OED 14)

substance what the speech amounts to (OED 11a); essence (OED 14)

substance what the speech amounts to (OED 11a); essence (OED 14); puns on possessions, estate, fortune (OED 16)

substantial firmly established, solid, of firm value (OED adj. 10); in legal discourse, ‘Belonging to or involving essential right, or the merits of a matter’ (OED adj. 5b); wealthy (OED adj. 12a); of good standing or status (OED adj. 13); consisting of solid material (OED adj. 14); not imaginary, true (OED adj. 15)

substantial reliable, of good standing

substantially as a substantial, physical being

subtle insubstantial and elusive

subtle clever; secretive, sly

subtlety craftiness, cunning

suburbs areas outside the city walls

subversion ruin, overthrow

subverted overthrown (OED subvert 1), a sense which is now obsolete

succeed follow (OED v. 4b)

succesively eventually

succession successors, line of descent

succession successors, offspring (OED 8); followers (OED 10.b: recorded from 1653)

successively in succession, in turn

succour aid and sustain, support

succour means of assistance (OED n. 2); protection, shelter (OED n. 4); financial aid (OED n. 6)

succour relief, release, comfort

succour help

succouring helping, assisting

succubae devilish (a succubus was a devil or spirit, often in female form)

Suckling endearment for one that suckles at the teat (witches were thought to have a third teat or breast at which their familiars sucked blood for nourishment as part of their pact with the devil)

suck–bottle tippler (OED 2 cites this example as a quasi-proper name)

suck–bottle bottle with a nipple on it, as an infant or orphaned animal like a lamb, calf, or colt might be given; also, a tippler

suddenly forthwith, promptly (OED adv. 2)

suffer wait out patiently

suffer allow, tolerate

sufficeth is sufficient

sufficiency competence

sufficient enough, adequate

sufficient able, capable

sufficient enough

sufficiently widely, substantially, generally

suffrage expression or token of approval (OED 5b)

suffrage approval, sanction, consent, permission (OED 5a and b)

suffrage opinion (OED `suffrage' n, 4)

suffrages votes in support of or an opinion in favour of some persons or actions (OED 4)

sugar-chopped of one who eats sweets, leaving sugar on his jaws and chin, like a child (OED sugar n, 6b, which cites this instance alone)

sugared full of sweetness (OED 2e); alluring

suit to make appropriate or agreeable (OED v. 10a)

suit petition, specifically in the courtship of a woman (OED n. 12)

suit petition, supplication, entreaty, especially one made to a prince or other high personage (OED n. 11a)

suit (n) pursuit, chase (OED n. 5a)

suit 'to provide with a suit of clothes; to clothe, attire, dress' (OED v. 9a)

suit (n) petition, supplication

suit request or petition

suits lawsuits

suits (n) petitions, requests

sullen dull, drab; gloomy

sullied defiled, polluted; with wine, possibly also bearing physical stains on clothing

sundry several (OED a. 5)

sunk swallowed (OED sink v, 2b); fallen, degenerated (OED sink v, 11); weighed down, crushed (OED sink v, 13); diminished, decreased (OED sink v, 15: OED's earliest citation is from 1655 but this sense may be intended here); reduced to ruin, destroyed (OED sink, v, 21)

sunshine favourable influence

sup eat supper

superabundance excessive quantity, surplus

supererogate do more than is commanded or required

superficies that which constitutes the outermost part of a body; the surface layer; the skin (OED 3)

superfluously needlessly; extravagantly

supernatural extraordinarily great (OED adj. 2)

superscribed wrote upon (the surface)

superscription address or direction (OED 3)

supplants dispossesses, takes the place of

suppliant humble petitioner

supplied many senses of "supply" are involved here: relieved, maintained, made up the deficiency (in the gallant's income), loaned monies (OED supply v, 1)

supplied many senses of "supply" are involved here: relieved, maintained, made up the deficiency (in the gallant's income), loaned monies

supply provision of (needed) funds

supply provision of sexual satisfaction

supply (v) satisfy the wants of (OED v1. 8)

supply answer your need, grant (permission)

supply an additional body of persons, usually military (OED 5)

supply (v) provide, furnish

supportance means of support

supportress a female supporter

supposite opposed, placed directly underneath (supposite a, 1a, where OED cites this as the only known usage of the word)

surbated (of animals or persons) foot-sore; weary with excessive travelling on foot (OED 1b)

surcease desist

sure certainly, doubtlessly

sure firm, immovable (OED adj. 5)

sure secure, firm

sure safe, secure

sure secure

sure for certain, rest assured

sure engaged to be married (OED sure a, 7a)

surfeit over-indulge; feed to excess or satiety

surfeited fed gluttonously, overindulged

surfeits transgressions (OED surfeit n, 2); excessive indulgences (OED surfeit n, 3); gluttony (OED surfeit n, 4); ‘the morbid condition caused by excessive eating or drinking’ (OED surfeit n, 5)

surfeits excesses; ‘action that exceeds the limits of law or right; (a) transgression, trespass, fault’ (OED, surfeit n. 1 and 2)

surgeon barber surgeon: doctor

surmise allegation; suspicion; conjecture

surphuled variant spelling on 'surfled' meaning to paint or wash (the face, etc.) with a cosmetic (OED surfle v, 2, citing The City Wit 4.1)

surplice loose, wide-sleeved vestment of white linen worn by clerics, choristers, and others taking part in church services (OED)

surprise with a pun on the military use: to assail or attack suddenly

surprise take unawares and capture (OED n. 1 and 2b)

surprise discover, seize

surprise sudden attack (OED v. 1)

surprised attacked, seized

suspect suspicion, doubt

suspect to imagine or fancy (something) to be possible or likely; to have a faint notion or inkling of; to surmise (OED 3a)

suspend hang or execute (OED II 8a)

suspended debarred; temporarily deprived of office

suspense doubt as to one's character or conduct (OED n. 3d)

suspirations deep sighs

sustenance food, nourishment

sutler one who follows an army or lives in a garrison town and sells provisions to the soldiers (OED)

swaddle beat soundly (OED v. 3)

swaddle to bind together; but also to beat soundly (OED 3)

swaddled wrapped in bandages

swaddling beating, cudgelling (OED vbl n, 3)

swag move unsteadily or heavily from side to side

swag-buttocked ‘having large swaying buttocks’ (OED, swag-belly)

swaggerer one who swaggers, a quarreller (particularly associated with tavern culture in the Caroline period)

swaggering in the seventeenth century, generally refers to someone who has an ‘insolent air of superiority’ (OED adj. 1) or disregard for others; can also refer to blusteringly masculine behaviour or machismo, as in the title of Robert Chamberlain’s play The Swaggering Damsel (Beeston’s Boys, c. 1639)

Swain rustic (OED n. 4)

Swain heads rustic representatives

swainess female country person; female lover (OED cites this example from The Love-Sick Court)

swains young men

swallow migratory bird popularly regarded as a harbinger of summer (OED 1a)

sway influence, divert or cause to swerve from a decision, path or line of conduct, make one vacillate in one's judgement

sway power of rule or command (OED n. 6a)

sweet pleasing, agreeable

sweetliest OED records two distinct meanings that are relevant in this context: most satisfyingly; most affectionately.

sweetly pleasurably (OED adv. 3); delightfully (OED adv. 4); smoothly, easily (OED adv. 5); lovingly (OED adv. 6)

sweetly kindly, amiably (the OED records ironic usages of the word in the mid-seventeenth century)

sweetmeats sweet food such as sugared cakes or pastries, candied fruit or marzipan, or any other confectionary

swellingly grandiloquently, bombastically (OED adv. citing CW 4.1.)

swinge whip, flog, thrash (OED v1. 1)

swinge (n) 'freedom of action [...] liberty to follow one's inclinations (OED n1. 2)

swinge (v) beat

swingers people who act ‘vigorously or forcibly’ (OED swinger n2, 1); see also OED swinger n1: rogue, scoundrel (OED’s examples are all Scots)

switch (v) beat with a switch, or flexible branch cut from a tree.

switch thin flexible shoot cut from a tree, used as a whip

swole archaic form of 'to swell up'

swollen puffed up; inflated (with pride) (OED adj. 2)

swoons faints

swordmen swordsmen, soldiers

sworn promised by oath

swounds faints, swoons

sycophants flatterers; deceivers (OED sycophant n, 3 and 4)

syllabub syllable (in Somerset dialect)

syllabub drink or dish made of milk or cream, curdled by the addition of wine or cider.